Scallops as a new source of food protein: high-intensity ultrasonication improved stability of oil-in-water emulsion stabilised by myofibrillar protein

In this study, the effect of high-intensity ultrasound (HIUS) (200 and 400 W for 0, 5, 10 and 15 min respectively) on conformational changes, physicochemical, rheological and emulsifying properties of scallop (Patinopecten yessoensis) myofibrillar protein (SMP) was investigated. HIUS-treated SMP had lower α-helix content and higher β-sheet content compared with the native SMP. HIUS treatment induced the unfolding of SMP and increased the surface hydrophobicity. The particle size of SMP decreased and the absolute zeta-potential increased after ultrasonication, which in turn increased the solubility of SMP. The conformational changes and the improvement of physicochemical properties of SMP increased the ability for SMP to lower the interfacial tension at the oil–water interface and increased the percentage of adsorbed protein. As a result, the emulsifying properties, rheological properties of SMP and storage stability of emulsions were also improved. In conclusion, HIUS treatment has future potential for improving the emulsifying properties of SMP.     

具有保护肠上皮细胞HT-29免受大肠杆菌和H2O2损伤潜力的植物乳杆菌的筛选

益生菌可在肠道定植从而发挥抗炎或抗氧化活性，有利于宿主肠道健康。本实验研究了从新疆传统发酵乳制品中分离得到的8?株植物乳杆菌对大肠杆菌侵袭和过氧化氢刺激肠上皮细胞HT-29的保护作用。结果表明：在8?株植物乳杆菌中，植物乳杆菌35具有最高的黏附能力。植物乳杆菌35可通过取代、竞争、排阻的方式抑制大肠杆菌对HT-29细胞的黏附，抑制率分别为42.60%、59.17%、60.19%。植物乳杆菌35及其多糖可抑制大肠杆菌刺激HT-29细胞产生白细胞介素-8；同时保护HT-29细胞免受过氧化氢的损伤，增加超氧化物歧化酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活力水平并降低丙二醛含量。结论：植物乳杆菌35及其粗胞外多糖具有抑制大肠杆菌O157诱导的炎症性肠病的潜力。     

Metal chlorides-promoted ammonia absorption of deep eutectic solvent

Ammonia is considered as a promising hydrogen or energy carrier. Ammonia absorption or adsorption is an important aspect for both ammonia removal, storage and separation applications. To these ends, a wide range of solid and liquid sorbents have been investigated. Among these, the deep eutectic solvent (DES) is emerging as a promising class of ammonia absorbers. Herein, we report a novel type of DES, i.e., metal-containing DESs for ammonia absorption. Specifically, the NH₃ absorption capacity is enhanced by ca. 18.1–36.9% when a small amount of metal chlorides, such as MgCl₂, MnCl₂ etc., are added into a DES composed of resorcinol (Res) and ethylene glycol (EG). To our knowledge, the MgCl₂/Res/EG (0.1:1:2) DES outperforms most of the reported DESs. The excellent NH₃ absorption performances of metal–containing DESs have been attributed to the synergy of Lewis acid–base and hydrogen bonding interactions. Additionally, good reversibility and high NH₃/CO₂ selectivity are achieved over the MgCl₂/Res/EG (0.1:1:2) DES, which enables it to be a potential NH₃ absorber for further investigations.     

南美白对虾肝胰腺蛋白提取方法优化及无水保活环境胁迫对细胞凋亡蛋白的影响

为提高Western Blotting结果的可靠性，以蛋白溶出率和凝胶电泳蛋白条带完整性为指标，比较提取液种类、研磨方式、酶抑制剂种类及其体积分数和提取时间对南美白对虾肝胰腺蛋白提取效果的影响。采用优化后的提取方法获得高质量蛋白样品，并采用Western Blotting法分析无水环境胁迫后南美白对虾肝胰腺组织中细胞凋亡信号通路相关蛋白的表达水平。结果表明：RIPA裂解液作为提取溶剂所得的蛋白溶出率高于水提和磷酸盐缓冲液，电动匀浆和液氮研磨所得蛋白条带更完整，4%蛋白酶磷酸酶混合抑制剂能有效抑制肝胰腺内源酶引起的蛋白降解；采用Western Blotting法分析无水保活期间南美白对虾肝胰腺蛋白，发现低温诱导休眠的同时会引起细胞轻微凋亡，且凋亡水平呈应激时间依赖性增加，环境胁迫解除后有所回调。     

结合句法依存信息的方面级情感分类

引入句法依存信息到原方面术语,提出一种新的方面术语表示方法,利用Glove词向量表示单词以及单词与单词之间的依存关系,构造出包含句法依存信息的依存关系邻接矩阵和依存关系表示矩阵,利用图卷积神经网络和多头注意力机制将句法依存信息融入到方面术语中,使得方面术语表达与上下文结构高度相关。将改进后的方面词术语表示替换到现有模型后,模型泛化能力得到有效提升。对比试验和分析结果表明:该方法具有有效性和泛化性。     

Polymer Electrolyte Membranes for Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries: Fundamentals and Applications

Electrochemical energy storage systems are considered as one of the most viable solutions to realize large-scale utilization of renewable energy. Among the various electrochemical energy storage systems, flow batteries have increasingly attracted global attention due to their flexible structural design, high efficiencies, long operating life cycle, and independently tunable power and energy storage capacity. Although promising, a number of challenges including the high cost of flow battery materials hinder the broad market penetration of flow battery technology. Polymer electrolyte membrane, as a key component in flow batteries providing pathways for charge carriers transport and preventing electrolytes crossover, takes over 25% of the entire cost of the battery system. Apparently, the membrane not only plays pivotal roles in the operation characteristics of a flow battery, but also largely influences the financial cost of the battery system. To provide insights and better understanding of membranes towards enhancing their performance and cost-effectiveness, we therefore present recent advances and research outcomes on the development of polymer electrolyte membranes as well as their applications in flow batteries, particularly all-vanadium redox flow batteries. Various aspects of polymer electrolyte membranes including functional requirements, characterization methods, materials screening and preparation strategies, transport mechanisms, and commercialization progress are presented. Finally, perspectives for future trends on research and development of polymer electrolyte membranes with relevance to flow batteries are highlighted.     

Hop bitter acids inhibit carbohydrate metabolism,enhance biogenic amine metabolism and alter L-malic acid,glutamic acid and arginine metabolism of Lactobacillus brevis 49

Beer contains only limited amounts of readily fermentable carbohydrates and amino acids. Beer spoilage lactic acid bacteria have to come up with metabolic strategies in order to deal with selective nutrient content. The research was performed to investigate the influence of iso-α-acids on the metabolism of organic acids, biogenic amines (BAs), off-flavour compounds, carbohydrates and amino acids of Lactobacillus brevis 49. Only glyoxylic acid and ethyl formate in de man, rogosa, sharpe broth was consumed, and multiple organic acids, BAs and off-flavour compounds were produced. By supplementing a series of concentrations of hop iso-α-acids, consumption of L-malic acid, glutamic acid and arginine and generation of BAs were found benefit for bacteria to develop hop-resistance. In the metabolism of carbohydrates, glucose was preferred over maltose and maltriose, and hops significantly inhibited the utilisation of carbohydrates. The results provide comprehensive information of metabolites of L. brevis 49 under various concentrations of hop stress.     

化学沉淀-吸附法处理电镀废水的研究

采用化学沉淀-吸附法处理电镀废水。首先,采用沉淀剂MgSO4・7H2O和NazHPCX・12H2O对电镀废水进行化学沉淀处理。在优化条件下,氨氮的质量浓度由1600 mg/L降低至80 mg/L以下,磷的质量浓度为75.82 mg/Lo然后,采用吸附法对电镀废水做进一步处理。最终电镀废水中氨氮和磷的残余质量浓度均达到《电镀污染物排放标准》(GB 219002008)中规定的要求。